Koreabridge

For the first time, Keykat has actually volunteered to help me clean! I'm so shocked, I don't even know what she should help with. I guess she should be able to clean the ceiling lights?

It's time for a new "Learn Korean" episode! Let's learn about the grammar form 채(로).

채(로) is used to describe the current state of a noun, and it's used with an action verb. Essentially, it's using a verb to describe a noun.

Click here to download a free PDF of this lesson!

The post Learn Korean Ep. 119: 채(로) “In the State Of” appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

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Poroe Atop the Brahma Bell at Seokbulsa Temple in Buk-gu, Busan. Introduction

One of the most common things that you’ll see at a Korean Buddhist temple outside a pagoda or temple shrine hall is the Brahma Bell, which is a large, decorative bronze bell. The Brahma Bell, which is known as a “Beomjong – 범종” in Korean, is well-crafted and is usually several hundred years old. Typically, the exterior walls of the bell are adorned with various Buddhist figures like Bicheon (Flying Heavenly Deities), Bodhisattvas, and Buddhas. Joining these bell reliefs is a decorative metal hook that holds the bell to the rafter’s of the bell pavilion. The decorative metal hook that crowns the top of the bell is designed like a dragon. So why is this metal dragon hook crowning the top of the Brahma Bell? And why is it a dragon? First, it’s important to know the significance of the Brahma Bell to better understand the purpose behind the dragon hooks.

Poroe atop the Brahma Bell at Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A golden Poroe atop the Brahma Bell at Taeansa Temple in Gokseong, Jeollanam-do. Purpose of the Brahma Bell

During the day, there are two main times that the Brahma Bell is struck. The temple bell is struck twenty-eight times in the morning and thirty-three times at night. The reason that the bell is struck twenty-eight times in the morning is in hopes that the sound will travel throughout the twenty-eight levels of heaven, which are to be found within three bigger worlds.

So in Buddhism, there’s believed to be three worlds/realms which are known as “Samgye – 삼계” in Korean. These three worlds are known as “Trailokya” in Sanskrit, and they are in reference to the destination of ones karmic rebirth. The first of these three worlds is known as “Kāmaloka” in Sanskrit. In Korean, this world is known as “Yokgye – 욕계,” or “Field of Desire” in English. In this world, it’s a world of desire which is typified by base desires. This world is populated by hellish beings, Agwi (Hungry Ghosts), animals, humans, and lower demi-gods.

The second world is known as “Rūpaloka” in Sanskrit. In Korean, this world is known as “Saekgye – 색계,” or “Field of Forms” in English. This is the world of forms, which is a world free of baser desires. This world is populated by Dhyāna (perfected mindfulness) dwelling beings.

The third world is known as “Arūpaloka” in Sanskrit. In Korean, this world is known as “Musaekgye – 무색계,” or “Field of Formlessness” in English. This is the world of formlessness. This world is populated by the four heavens. It’s also the world for those that are almost ready to enter Nirvana.

In these worlds of existence, those that live in them are determined according to their karma and wisdom. As for humans, they are separate. In order to enter into these realms, they need to adhere to the ten rules that ban things like killing, stealing, lying, obscenity, and adultery. So the reason that the bell rings thirty-three times at night is in hopes that the sound will travel throughout the thirty-three heavens located in Yokgye, or “The Field of Desires” in English.

The Bell of King Seongdeok, which is also known as the Emile Bell. Arguably Korea’s most famous bell is located at Gyeongju National Museum, and it’s National Treasure #29. Korean Brahma Bell Design

While each Korean temple bell is unique in its own way, they all have fairly common characteristics. For example, each bell has a dangjwa, which is the round spot in the middle of the bell where the striker is meant to hit the temple bell. Usually, a large wooden striker, sometimes designed as a whale, will hit the dangjwa of the temple bell. Interestingly, bells made during the Silla Dynasty (57 B.C. – 935 A.D.) had two dangjwa on opposite sides of the bell. The Silla dangjwa was traditionally surrounded by a lotus design. Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) dangjwa, on the other hand, were placed on all four sides of the Brahma Bell.

Another feature that distinguishes one Brahma Bell from the other is the actual exterior wall designs of the temple bell. For Silla Dynasty bells, it was typical to find Bicheon (Flying Heavenly Deities) with flowing clothes kneeling on top of lotus flowers or riding clouds, while playing a musical instrument. During the Goryeo Dynasty, this changed. Instead of Bicheon, it was more common to find a Buddha or Bodhisattva sitting on top of a lotus flower. And in the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), larger images of the Buddha appeared praying while standing on top a lotus flower.

Yet another indicator of the age of the Brahma Bell outside the central image or images on the surface of the bell are the secondary designs. If the Brahma Bell is from the Silla Dynasty, the secondary designs were either vines or floral patterns. This largely changed during the Goryeo Dynasty, when lightning and chrysanthemum designs became more popular. And finally, during the Joseon Dynasty, the predominant secondary designs were lotus flower patterns.

The Brahma Bell at Baeknyulsa Temple in Gyeongju. The bell depicts the events surrounding the adoption of Buddhism in the Silla Kingdom and Ichadon’s (501-527 A.D.) role. Poroe Design and Myth

So what does all this have to do with Poroe? In general, there are metal hooks that hold the Brahma Bell to the rafters using a chain. These hooks are shaped like a dragon. This dragon can be highly ornate in design or a little more simplistic. As a result, these metal hooks are known as the “dragon hook” in English. More specifically, the dragon that adorns the top of a Korean Brahma Bell is known as “Poroe – 포뢰” in Korean.

So why does Poroe adorn the top of the Brahma Bell? Poroe, rather interestingly, is mentioned in the historic Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). According to this myth, Poroe is a mythological dragon that’s afraid of whales in the East Sea. So whenever Poroe encounters a whale, Poroe let’s out a large scream. So what exactly does this have to do with a Korean temple bell, you might be asking yourself? Well, if you look at the wooden striker that hits the bell, traditionally, these wooden strikers were whale-shaped. While not as common these days, they can still be found at some Korean Buddhist temples. So when the whale-shaped striker hits the Brahma Bell, coming close in contact with Poroe atop the temple bell, Poroe lets out a loud scream. This helps the bell, according to the Poroe myth, to sound even louder. In Korean, that’s why the sound that a bell makes is known as a “whale sound.” And rather uniquely, Poroe is exclusive to Korean Brahma Bells. You won’t find this mythological dragon adorning the tops of Buddhist temple bells in neighbouring China or Japan.

Poroe atop the Brahma Bell at Eunhaesa Temple in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Poroe atop the Brahma Bell at Samgwangsa Temple in Busanjin-gu, Busan. Poroe atop the Brahma Bell at Dorimsa Temple in Gokseong, Jeollanam-do. Conclusion

So the next time you’re at a Korean Buddhist temple, take a look around the temple grounds for the Jong-ru (Bell Pavilion). Whether it’s big or small, the temple should have a Brahma Bell. Not only will you now better understand the overall design of the Brahma Bell, but you’ll now better understand the cetaphobia dragon that adorns the top of this bell: Poroe – The Dragon that Adorns the Top of the Temple Bell

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Have you heard of the ~아/어/etc. 다가 form before? This form is not the same as the regular ~다가 form, nor is it the ~다가는 form I taught previously. It's also not ~에다가, which can attach to nouns. And finally it's not the same as ~ㅆ다가 which I also explain in this live stream.

~아/어/etc. 다가 is an advanced level grammar form that's used to show that two actions happen in order, that both actions happen in different locations, and that an object is moved from one location to the next one.

The post 아/어/etc. 다가 Changing Locations | Live Class Abridged appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

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Korean cuisine is filled with many kinds of delicious foods which makes learning food in Korean crucial. The types of food you can find in Korea are so vast that every experience you have from street food to eating Korean dishes and delicacies in a restaurant is all worthwhile. In fact, we already have a post dedicated to introducing you to Korean food.

But in this article, we will be learning the different Korean terms for food – as in what the different vocabulary for different vegetables, fruits, noodles, etc. is. This will be crucial when you are in South Korea especially if you plan to shop for groceries at the supermarket! Let’s begin!

Food in Korean

First things first, let’s learn the Korean word for food: 음식 (eumsik). It simply means food in general and is the big term you’ll want to use when you speak of your country’s cuisine.

Another Korean word for food is 밥 (bap). Now, this word actually means “rice”, just like in 비빔밥 (bibimbap), so you don’t want to use it the same way as 음식. However, a common conversation topic of Koreans is asking others whether they’ve yet eaten, and it’s the word 밥 that is typically used in that situation. That is, of course, because rice is a staple food item in Korean cuisine, found on the table during nearly every meal, including breakfast. In South Korea, when you are thanking for a well-done meal, you’ll also use the word 밥.

But now, without further ado, let’s get to learning the food vocabulary in Korean!

Vegetables in Korean

These healthy vegetables are essential in Korean cuisine and can be used in different Korean dishes especially in soup, stew, stir-fried dishes, and noodles.

KoreanEnglish 양파 (yangpa)Onion 마늘 (maneul)Garlic
봄양파 (bomyangpa)Scallion 당근 (dangeunCarrot 무 (mu)Radish
양배추 (yangbaechu)(Chinese) Cabbage 상추 (sangchu)Lettuce 고추 (gochu)
Red Pepper
피망 (pimang)Bell Pepper 생강 (saenggang)Ginger 인삼, 진생 (insam, jinsaeng)Ginseng 브로콜리 (beurokolli)Broccoli 버섯 (beoseot)
Mushroom 감자 (gamja)Potato 고구마 (goguma)Sweet Potato 가지 (gaji)Eggplant 애호박 (aehobak)Zucchini 호박 (hobak)Pumpkin 시금치 (sigeumchi)Spinach 콩나물 (kongnamul)Bean Sprouts 연근 (yeongeun)
Lotus Root 파 (pa)Green Onion 토마토 (tomato)Tomato 오이 (oi)Cucumber
청경채 (cheonggyeongchae)Bok Choy 꽃양배추 (kkochyangbaechu)Cauliflower 완두콩 (wandukong)
Pea 파슬리 (paseulli)
Parsley 비트 (biteu)Beetroot 셀러리 (selleori)Celery
아스파라거스 (aseuparageoseu)Asparagus 콘 (kon)Corn
콩 (kong)Beans

Cabbage in Korean

Cabbage in Korean is 양배추. This is the main ingredient for the popular Korean side dish called Kimchi. It’s made of cabbage and chili powder. However, kimchi isn’t limited to cabbage.

Scallion in Korean

The Korean term for scallion is 봄양파 (bomyangpa). This is used alongside seafood to create the famous dish 해물파전 (haemul pajeon) which is a savory pancake. This vegetable is also similar to green onions which translate to 파 (pa) in Korean.

Fruits in Korean

This list shows Korean words for healthy foods that can be enjoyed as is or can be made into something even better.

KoreanEnglish 망고 (manggo)Mango 포도 (podo)Grape 복숭아 (boksunga)Peach 바나나 (banana)Banana 오렌지 (orenji)Orange 한라봉 (hallabong)Jeju Orange 파파야 (papaya)Papaya 사과 (sagwa)Apple 수박 (subak)Watermelon 파인애플 (painaepeul)Pineapple 멜론 (mellon)Melon 감 (gam)Persimmon 석류 (seongnyu)Pomegranate 딸기 (ddalgi)Strawberry 자몽 (jamong)Grapefruit 자두 (jadu)Plum 산딸기 (sanddalgi)Raspberry 귤 (gyul)Mandarin, Tangerine

Banana in Korean

This is very easy to remember as the Korean term for banana is also 바나나 (banana).

For even more vegetable and fruit vocabulary, we have an article solely dedicated to them right here!

Meat in Korean

Meat in Korean is 고기 (gogi). These are used as the main ingredient for plenty of food that Koreans and people all around the globe enjoy.

KoreanEnglish 소고기 (sogogi)Beef 돼지고기 (dwaejigogi)Pork 닭고기 (dalgogi)Chicken 물고기 (mulgogi)
Fish 오리고기 (origogi)
Duck 삼겹살 (samgyeopsal)Pork Belly 불고기 (bulgogi)
Marinated Beef Slices 스테이크 (seuteikeu)Steak 베이컨 (beikeon)Bacon 햄 (haem)
Ham 닭갈비 (dakgalbi)Chicken Ribs 두부 (dubu)Tofu 계란 (gyeran)Eggs 치즈 (chijeu)Cheese

Marinated Beef Slices in Korean

Marinated beef slices in Korean are called 불고기 (bulgogi). This meat is often served in barbecue places or can also be stir-fried.

Pork Belly in Korean

Pork belly in Korean is called 삼겹살 (samgyeopsal). These are pork strips which are also often grilled in Korean barbecue restaurants. You can eat it with rice, lettuce or side dishes like kimchi. Whichever flavor suits your palate!

For more vocabulary for the different meats and meat dishes, you can check out our article on meat in Korean!

Cooking Ingredients in Korean

Each ingredient on the list helps enhance the flavor of the dish that you plan to make to match your palate.

KoreanEnglish 밥 (bap)Rice 소금 (sogeum)Salt 후추 (huchu)Black Pepper 식초 (sikcho)Vinegar 간장 (ganjang)Soy Sauce 기름 (gireum)Oil 설탕 (seoltang)Sugar 밀가루 (milgaru)Flour 버터 (beoteo)Butter 케첩 (kecheop)Ketchup 마요네즈 (mayonejeu)Mayonnaise 중조 (jungjo)Baking Soda 베이킹파우더 (beikingpaudeo)Baking Powder 빵 (ppang)Bread 파스타 (paseuta)Pasta 꿀 (kkul)Honey 핫 소스 (hat soseu)Hot Sauce 시나몬 (sinamon)Cinnamon 고춧가루 (gochutgaru)Chili Powder 고추장 (gochujang)Chili Pepper Paste 해초 (haecho)Seaweed 참기름 (chamgireum)Sesame Oil

Rice in Korean

Rice in Korean is 밥 (bap) and this staple food is an ingredient used in 비빔밥 (bibimbap). This dish means “mixed rice” where rice is mixed in a bowl with different ingredients. This may include vegetables, ground beef, seasoned seaweed, and sauce made from chili paste, soy sauce, sesame oil, brown sugar. Oftentimes, you can top this with kimchi and fried egg too, depending on your variation!

Soy Sauce in Korean

This important ingredient is well-known and is essential in different cuisines around the world but in Korea, soy sauce is called 간장 (ganjang).

Chili Pepper Paste

The chili paste is part of most dishes cooked in Korea and is called 고추장 (gochujang). A red chili paste gives a dish its flavor and fiery color that is common in cuisines cooked by Koreans especially in soup or stew dishes.

Beverages in Korean

Another important vocabulary to learn is what we usually pair with our food which is the beverages.

KoreanEnglish 물 (mul)Water 우유 (uyu)Milk 커피 (keopi)Coffee 차 (cha)Tea 주스 (juseu)Juice
탄산음료 (tansaneumnyo)Soda 콜라 (kolla)Coca Cola 맥주 (maekju)Beer 소주 (soju)Soju 막걸리 (makgeolli)Rice Wine

Soju 소주 (soju)

This alcoholic beverage is a signature drink enjoyed by Koreans. It’s can be paired with anything, from fried chicken to Korean BBQ, to any various street food.

Types of Food Preparation in Korean

In this section, we will teach you vocabulary that is based on the method with which a dish in Korea, from meat dishes to soup or stew types of dishes were prepared. These methods of cooking contribute to the variation of Korean dishes. You will usually find these words included in the name of the dish, just like in other languages.

Fried in Korean

The term for fried in Korean is 볶음 (bokkeum). For example 볶음밥 (bokkeumbap), which is fried rice. Another example is 제육볶음 (jeyuk bokkeum) which means stir-fried pork.

Stew in Korean

The word for stew in Korean is 찌개 (jjigae). For example 김치찌개 (kimchi jjigae), which is kimchi stew. Army Stew or 부대찌개 (budaejjigae) and 순두부찌개 (sundubu jjigae) are another known examples of a stew in South Korea.

Soup in Korean

For soup in Korean, there are two words. A bowl of these will surely keep you warm.

The first word is 국 (guk), which is a native Korean word and usually attached to dishes that are lighter and have a lot of vegetables, such as 미역국 (miyeokguk), which is seaweed soup.

The second word is 탕 (tang), which is a Sino-Korean word. These soups may be heavier and less watery, for example, 삼계탕 (samgyetang), which is a ginseng chicken soup made with a whole chicken. Another example is 설렁탕 (seolleongtang) also known as ox bone soup which is made from ox bones and other cuts. Boiling this soup for several hours creates a rich beef broth.

Noodles in Korean

There are different noodle dishes and we’ll show you three words for noodles in Korean.

The first word is 사리 (sari), which refers specifically to uncooked noodles. The native Korean word for noodles is 국수 (guksu), such as 칼국수 (kalguksu), which stands for handmade chopped noodles. The Sino-Korean word for noodles is 면 (myeon), such as 라면 (ramyeon), which means instant noodles or 냉면 (naengmyeon) which is made of cold buckwheat noodles. Otherwise, there is no big distinction when you use 국수 and 면.

Steamed in Korean

The word for steamed in Korean is 찜 (jjim). For example 찜닭 (jjimdal), which can be translated as both steamed chicken or braised chicken.

Roasted in Korean / Grilled in Korean

Although not exactly the same method of cooking, for both roasted and grilled dishes, we use the word 구이 (gui). For example, 조개구이 (jogaegui), which means roasted clams.

Side Dishes in Korean

As there are a variety of side dishes eaten at every meal in Korea, it is also good to learn the general term for a side dish in Korean, which is 반찬 (banchan). The most common side dish that you can find during meals is 김치 kimchi. There are plenty of other side dishes but some other examples are 해물파전 (haemul pajeon), sweet potatoes, fish cake, and mung bean sprout.

Raw in Korean

Some food in Korea is also eaten raw, and therefore it’s good to know this word as well. The word for it is 회 (hoe). For example, 육회 (yukhoe), which is raw beef.

Describing taste in Korean

We already have a separate article to help you with ordering food in Korea, but we wanted to quickly go over some basic phrases and terms with which you can describe the food you are eating.

KoreanEnglish 쓴 맛 (sseun mat)Bitter taste
매워요 (maewoyo)Spicy 두거워요 (dugeowoyo)
Hot 달콤해요 (dalkomhaeyo)Sweet 맛있어요 (masisseoyo)
Delicious 맛 없어요 (mat obseoyo)
Not good 맛이 풍부해요 (masi pungbuhaeyo)
Rich in flavor 새콤해요, 시큼해요 (saekomhaeyo, sikeumhaeyo)Sour 음식이 상했다 (eumsigi sanghaetda)It’s gone bad 즙이 많아요 (jeubi manayo)
Juicy 쫄깃쫄깃하다, 쫀득쫀득하다, 볼강볼강 (jjolgitjjolgithada, jjondeukjjondeukada, bolgangbolgang)Chewy

Wow, did this post make you massively hungry for Korean food? Because it sure made us! Hopefully, this was educational and will make your next meal a more exciting experience. Next up do read our article introducing specific dishes from Korean cuisine!

The post Food in Korean – Top Dishes and Beverage Names appeared first on 90 Day Korean®.

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